[TOEFL] 토플 스피킹 4번 문제 답변 템플릿 (TOEFL Speaking Q4. Integrated Task)

강의를 듣고 정리하여 말하기

20초 준비+60초 답변

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Note-taking

주제어 그대로 메모

[소주제1] 소주제+포인트+예시(대상, 설명)

[소주제2] 소주제+포인트+예시(대상, 설명)

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Paraphrasing

bring out=cause / come up with=create / figure out=understand / find out=discover

go through=experience / look for=seek / indicate=show / give off=emit

take place=happen / maintain=keep / get through=endure / well-preserved-intact

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Template

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

 

The first [키워드] is...

For example, ... + [세부설명 2~3문장]

 

The second [키워드] is...

For instance ... + [세부설명 2~3문장]

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Practice

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this. //5초

1) The first way is to make them convenient for consumers to use.

For example, when it comes to a glass bottle, consumers had to unscrew them and use a tool such as a long spoon to dig out the sauce in the past. However, a company changed it into a flexible plastic bottle, which enabled sauce to be smoothly squeezed out.

2) The second way is to let consumers imagine how the product will be displayed in their home.

For instance, cookies are usually packed in an aesthetic box, not a cardboard box. This is because consumers usually associate cookies with welcoming guests.

 

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

1) The first adaptation is exceptional vision. For example, gannets can sopt their food from a distance, even underwater. They possess a crucial survival ability that allows them to spot food from several meters away.

2) The second adaptation is a large wingspan. For instance, great white pelicans have a large wingspan, allowing them to glide effortlessly. It's not a surprise that great white pelicans can travel over a hundred miles while using minimal energy. In addition, they can efficiently carry food to their nest using the energy-saving technique.

 

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

1) The first type is adaptive resemblance. For example, flounders are able to change their skin color depending on the surrounding environments. That's because they often move between various habitats. This is considered 'adaptive', rather than 'permanent'.

2) The second is perminent resemblance. For instance, the frogfish has just one skin color similar to coral, rocks or sponges. They are categorized as having permanent resemblance, because they remain in only one habitat throughout their lives.

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

The first principle is contrast. For example, if your room's walls are dark brown, choosing a bright yellow curtain would be a good option. This strategy allows you to feel a sense of uniformity.

The second principle is unity. For instance, you can select your chair, rug and walls in the same color. Using consistent elements can create a welcoming and comforming atmosphere.

However, too much contrast may lead to terrible atmosphere and too much unity may result in a dull interior, so maintaining balance is very important.

 

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

The first way is the efficiency resulting from factory construction. For example, in southern US, many factories were located closed to natural sources in order to efficiently get them. However, the railroad system allowed factories to get them by train shipping from a distance.

The second way is that customers became able to purchase new merchandise. For instance, there was a company that sold men's watches. In the past, the company was only able to sell watches to people living near the city. But after the development of the railroad system, they could sell watches all over the countries.

 

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

Most of all, we should understand that if there are a lot of bacteria, the probability of preservation decreases.

The first environmental condition is lack of oxygen. Bacause the growth of bacteria requires oxygen, artifacts from mud or sand are often well-preserved. For example, the inner part of ceramics is typically in good condition.

The second environmental condition is that the lower the moisture level, the lower the possibility of the growth of bacteria. For instance, a painting created two thousand years ago in a desert was well-preserved.

 

In the lecture, the professor gives two examples to explain this.

The first example is about desert homes in regions with high temperatures and frequent sandstorms. For example, there are certain features designed to maintain temperature, such as tiled roofs and high ceilings. Additionally, traditional desert houses are typically made of stone.

The second example is related to heavy snowfall. In snowy regions, roofs have steep angles. The roof slopes in those regions are usually steeper than 10 degrees. Moreover, dark colors are best to melt the accumulated snow.