[TOEFL] 토플 스피킹 3번 문제 답변 템플릿 (TOEFL Speaking Q3. Integrated Task)

준비 시간 30초 / 답변 시간 30초

[Reading] 어떤 개념에 대해 설명하는 지문 읽기 + [Listening] 해당 개념과 관련한 교수의 경험 듣기

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Note-taking

 

Reading:

- 제목 (개념)

- 개념 설명하는 문장 그대로 필기

 

Listening:

- 핵심 키워드, 주체, 동사를 중심으로 필기 ➡️ 총 4문장 뽑기 (도입1/본문2/결과1)

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Template

 

60초: 도입2+본문4+마무리1

 

개념 설명

(1) [ 설명 ] is called [ 개념 ]

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain this concept.

 

예시 설명

	교수의 경험	동식물	연구/실험
(3) 도입	When the professor was... - in college - working as... - working at... - invited to...	There is an example from a special [ plant / animal ] called [ 키워드 ]	There was [ a study / an experiment ] conducted to see how the [ 키워드 ] works.
(4) 본문1		- have an ability to... - [ 키워드 ] is a [ plant / animal ] that lives in ...	- People were given a task to... - People were asked to... - Researchers made people do...
(5) 본문2

✅ 연결어

At first

The second example is...

On the other hand

However

Moreover

Interestingly

As time goes by

At the same time

Likewise

Instead

(6) [ After a while / As a result ], (결과 설명).

 

마무리

(7) That demonstrates an example of [ 개념 ].

 

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Practice

 

Suspension of Disbelief

Being able to disregard, or suspend, our doubts and accept the performance of a play as reality is referred to as suspension of disbelief. It is important that audience members establish an emotional connection with the events and characters on stage to fully appreciate the performance of a play. In order for this to work, we need to convince ourselves that what we are witnessing on stage is real rather than an assortment of actors and props. By suspending their disbelief, audience members can engage with the play on a deeper level and respond to the story and characters with genuine emotion as if they were real.

(1) Being able to suspend our doubts and accept the performance of a play as reality is called 'Suspension of Disbelief'.

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain this concept. //15

(3) When the professor was in college, his roommate led a play acting as an insecure high school student.

(4) At first, his roommate seemed strange and the professor didn't see him as a teenage character.

(5) However, as time goes by, he looked like a high school student as he intended because the professor disregarded his doubts. //50

(6) After a while, the professor genuinely felt sad for him and even got mad for the situation.

(7) That demonstrates an example of 'Suspension of Disbelief'. //56

 

Social Loafing

When a group of people are required to complete a task, some individuals in the group may make less effort than the others because they know that responsibility for finishing the task is spread across the group as a whole. As such, these group members see an opportunity to work more slowly and contribute less, knowing that their individual efforts will not be directly taken into account. This lack of individual motivation when engaging in group activities is referred to as social loafing. While it may be an unconscious behavior, social loafing results in less personal effort and commitment when working as part of a team than when working by oneself.

(1) Lack of individual motivation when engaging in a group activity is called 'Social Loafing'.

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain the concept. //12

(3) There was an experiment conducted to see how the Social Loafing works.

(4) People who participated in that research were given a task to remove shelves within 30 minutes every day.

(5) One group was asked to do it alone, and the other group was asked to do it in a group.

(6) As a result, the researchers found an interesting consequence that those who worked alone removed far more shelves than those who worked in a group. //50

(7) That demonstrates an example of 'Social Loafing'. //55

 

 

Sexual Dimorphism

In cases where two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs, this condition is referred to as sexual dimorphism. Examples of this can be seen in most animal species, and in some plant species. The most common differences are those related to the size, weight, or color of male and female animals. The differences are closely linked to the processes of natural selection and sexual selection, or the competition for mates, and thus directly affect an animal's survival or mating capability. Differences in coloration between sexes within a specific species is known as sexual dichromatism, and this is particularly prevalent in many species of birds and reptiles.

(1) Different characteristics exhibited between two sexes of the same species are called 'Sexual Dimorphism'.

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain this concept. //15

(3) In the case of birds, males have unique and colorful feathers which indicate healthy condition.

(4) Thus, eye-catching feather styles increase the probability of being selected by females, and are passed down to younger generations, giving them a prominent characteristic.

(5) On the other hand, females have grey or brown feathers bacause they lack the need to attract male birds.

(6) Instead, their natural feathers are advantageous to be hidden in their nests from predators. //52

(7) That demonstrates an example of 'Sexual Dimorphism'. //57

 

 

Modeling

Businesses use a wide range of advertising methods to sell products and boost sales. Modeling is one of the most effective advertising strategies, particularly for products that are considered complicated to use. Taking this approach, companies produce advertisements that involve people demonstrating, or modeling, the correct way to use a product. As such, modeling not only shows consumers that a product is simple to use, but also that it is effective in fulfilling its function. So, by using modeling in advertising, companies are able to convey several benefits of the product to consumers. This makes them feel more at ease with the product and more interested in purchasing it.

(1) An advertising strategy that demonstrating a simple way to use a complicated product is called 'Modeling.'

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain this concept. //15

(3) Last weekend, the professor was asked to set up a home cinema by his child.

(4) At first, he tried to set up a home cinema system, but it was not as easy as he expected.

(5) At that time, an advertisement caught his eye, saying that setup process is very simple and it only takes 10 minutes.

(6) He ended up buying that product, and as a result, his family was able to enjoy many movies at home. //52

(7) That demonstrates an example of 'Modeling'. //56

 

Ecosystem Resilience

An ecosystem can be broadly defined as any environment in which a complex community of organisms functions together to maintain a balance. The balance of an ecosystem is fragile and can be broken by human actions or as a result of natural disasters. The eradication of even one species of plant or animal can have irreparable consequences on any ecosystem that has a limited variety of species. However, some resilient ecosystems are capable of restoring themselves to their original condition following a disruptive event. This ecosystem resilience is possible when an ecosystem has high species diversity. In such cases, other species will fill the role of an eradicated species, meaning that the ecosystem will not experience any significant change.

(1) an environment in which a complex community of orgnisms functions together to maintain a balance is called 'Ecosystem Resilience'. **첫 문장이 길기 때문에 뒷문장을 짧게 쓰거나 한문장 줄여야함.

(2) And the professor gives an example to explain this concept.

(3) A few years ago, in Kenya, there are plentiful coral reefs and diverse fish which is protecting the coral reefs.

(4) One day, shipping vessels polluted the ocean, leading to decreasing population of fish.

(5) However, even though algae grew at a fast rate, coral reefs did not suffer at all.

(6) This is because algae is good food for fish, thus copious algae eventually led to bloom of fish, giving protection to coral reefs.

(7) That demonstrates an example of 'Ecosystem Resilience'.

 

 

Habituation

Among many species of animals, a common method of learning is to learn through habituation. When an animal finds itself in a brand-new situation, especially one where a potential threat is involved, its first instinct may be to flee or to alert other members of its community. Typically, whenever the situation occurs again, the animal will exhibit the same response behavior. However, with repeated exposure to the situation, the animal gradually learns that there is no threat, and the response behavior becomes less pronounced, eventually stopping altogether. This gradual change in instinctive behavior occurs through the process known as habituation.

 

 

Questioning Awareness of Effect

When a class is disrupted by the inappropriate behavior of a class member, it not only adversely affects the learning experience of other students, but also the class instructor's ability to teach. Questioning awareness of effect is a method a class instructor can use to address and discourage such negative behavior. What this entails is the instructor asking the class a question that serves to highlight the negative influence of a disruptive class member. It is not necessary for the instructor to wait for a response from the class. By merely making the other class members aware of the damaging effect of the student's actions, the instructor can discourage the student from attempting to disrupt the class any further.

 

 

The Focusing Illusion

The focusing illusion is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person focuses too much on a single aspect of an experience. This prevents the person from having an accurate memory of the experience as a whole. When evaluating life satisfaction, people should look at all the factors in their lives, weigh those factors accurately, then rate those factors. However, most people tend to only consider how they feel at that precise moment, focusing only on significant current events, both positive and negative. This is the most detrimental effect of the focusing illusion because nothing in life is as important as you think it is when you are thinking about it.